Religion in the Structures of Human Societies

Religion in the Structures of Human Societies
Karl M. van Meter

Abstract

Previously we have shown in «Structures of Human Societies» (van Meter, 2014) how human societies are distributed over a two dimensional structure around a first axis of «openness» / «closure» and a second axis of «emotional» / «non-emotional». We have also shown how early villages and cities were also distributed along the «openness» / «closure» axis ranging from cooperative villages without defensive walls all the way to walled hierarchically organized closed cities. In the earliest examples of the cooperative villages there is no archeological evidence of organized religion or its concomitant clergy. In the earliest examples of hierarchically organized cities there is. Here in this article, we examine the place of religion in the two dimensional structure and its close proximity and association with other institutions of society such as doctors, teachers, police, politicians and clergy, and their roles in managing conflict within society. In the specific case of clergy and religion, this implies a fundamental role of closure in the management of conflict both at the individual and the societal level. Other methods of analysis or scientific approaches have arrived at a similar result and these methods and approaches are closely and fundamentally related.